When applying for a job, candidates are typically asked to include a reference list as part of their application.

What is a reference list?
A reference list is a document that a graduate submits to a prospective employer containing the names and contact information of professional references. These references, usually former colleagues or supervisors, can provide insights into the candidate’s skills, abilities, and work ethic. Because it allows employers to verify a candidate’s qualifications and character, a well-prepared reference list is an important and influential part of the job application process, and graduates should give it careful attention.

How many references should you include?
The number of references to provide depends on the type of job and your prior work experience. For graduates, who often have limited exposure to the job market, it is generally recommended to include two or three references. However, if the job posting specifies a required number of references, it is crucial to meet that requirement.

It’s also important to remember that employers often review numerous applications, each with multiple references. In practice, they may only contact one or two references. This makes prioritising quality over quantity essential; you want to ensure the most credible and influential references are listed, rather than risking that an employer contacts a less impactful reference.

Who should you choose as a reference?
When compiling a reference list, the next step is selecting the right professional contacts. It’s helpful to keep an updated list of individuals you’ve worked with, whether through volunteer work, internships, or paid employment, so you can easily identify relevant references when applying for a job.

Your references should be people who are familiar with your skills, work ethic, and accomplishments. They should also be able to clearly communicate these qualities to a potential employer, offering a strong and well-rounded endorsement of your ability to succeed in the role.

While you may know many people who could serve as professional references, it’s best to select individuals with some experience or authority in their field, as this adds weight to their endorsement.

Ideal choices include current or former supervisors, professional mentors, or academic professors. It’s also important to pick someone who has directly observed your skills and work habits, rather than a colleague you seldom interact with. This ensures a more personalised and credible reference, helping you stand out to potential employers.

Should you inform your professional contacts?
You should never leave a professional contact unprepared when a hiring manager reaches out. Always ask for their consent first and let them know they may be contacted soon for a reference. Providing this notice allows your references to thoughtfully consider what they will say in support of you and gives them time to recall specific examples of your work to share, resulting in a stronger and more effective endorsement.

What’s the difference between a character reference and a professional reference?
A professional reference comes from someone in a workplace who can evaluate your skills, abilities, and work performance. While employers naturally want team players who fit well within the company culture, the main purpose of a professional reference is not to assess personality traits.

In cases where a hiring manager places strong emphasis on an applicant’s character, they may request a character reference. A character reference focuses on providing insight into your general disposition, personality, and behaviour in professional settings or when facing challenges. It’s important, however, to avoid listing close personal relationships as character references, professional boundaries and etiquette should still be maintained.

How to structure your professional reference list
Your reference list should match the style of your CV, including font, margins, colour scheme, and layout, even if it is submitted at a later stage. Consistency helps maintain a professional appearance for the hiring manager.

When listing references, consider arranging them chronologically. Include each contact’s professional details along with a brief description of your relationship, which can highlight their seniority and reinforce your relevant experience. In addition, tailor each reference to the specific job you are applying for to make a stronger impression.